Visual Narratives as the Aggregation

In the article "visual narratives", Schirato and Web explained that "We cannot know this for certain without knowledge that comes from outside the image"(p.89), and "Because the story illustrated in these ways were so well and so widely known until fairly recent times, the story itself could direct the reading of the visual text"(p.89), and "No more would need to be contained in either image, because each composed the sort of allusion--extremely popular in Western art up to the twentieth century---which worked because people shared knowledge of the stories being represented. Now that these stories are no longer nearly so widely known, other allusions have taken their place"(p.89). That is, according to these sentences, the premise of an image must be shared by people living in the same society, and therefore the image of the object would be able to be distinguished by their knowledge. In other words, people discover the image of object as its character in order to distinguish.

However, if the image is provided us individually, we are hard to catch the information from the single object even if we have already shared the image as a premise. For instance, the picture Figure 4.3 in page 88, if this picture depicts just the image of the woman without any other description and any other background, how degree of the information people can obtain? I think people can obtain just the information at best that the woman is closing her eye, or she is sleeping just now, probably. The reason why people who look this picture can figure out the information that she would be sleeping in the train because of exhausting is that they can also look other information like as background and some elements. Because many elements which are already given the premise image and shared the meaning by people in advance exist simultaneously, the aggregation of the visual images can lead people to the view. That is, the reason why people can obtain any information from object and the image is based on that the images exist as the aggregation.